Use of Disguise in Homer’s Odyssey Essay example -- Homer Odyssey disg

Utilization of Disguise in Homer’s Odyssey  â â The distinction between an astute and an absurd choice is regularly found in recognizing when to disguise and when to uncover. This circumspection in disguising and uncovering is a significant subject inside The Odyssey. There is a legitimate opportunity to beguile and an appropriate chance to come clean; in this way, it is essential that one demonstration in like manner. This significance is exemplified in Odysseus' life. At the point when he is watchful in his planning, he accomplishes his objective. One case of this is the Trojan War. While different men in the pony need to uncover themselves when they hear their spouses' voices being copied by Helen, Odysseus constrains them to remain covered up inside the pony (Book IV, lines 306-311). In view of this insight and poise, the Trojan War is won. In any case, when he is imprudent in his planning, inconveniences follow. In the circumstance with Polyphemus, Odysseus settles on an inappropriate choice. He gives his name to Po lyphemus as he is leaving the island of the Cyclopes. In spite of the fact that his group urges him to quit provoking Polyphemus, he doesn't listen due to his pride in his ability of double dealing (Book IX, lines 519-552). Because of this absurdity and pride, his arrival home is brimming with difficulties and his partners bite the dust. Timing of covering and disclosure has such huge outcomes since mask is a useful asset that should be dealt with cautiously. From Books XIII to XXII, Odysseus utilizes it against the individuals of Ithaca to design his retribution. In Book XIX, Homer utilizes the narrative of the scar and uses different abstract procedures to feature again on the intensity of mask and significance of Odysseus' keeping up his camouflage until the helpful time.  By starting the narrative of the scar in a sentence, Homer... ...e. By Homer's craft of narrating, the crowd, similar to Odysseus, figures out how to recognize from past experience when to disguise and uncover individual data.  Works Cited and Consulted Blossom, Harold , Homer's Odyssey: Edited and with an Introduction, NY, Chelsea House 1988 Crane, Gregory , Calypso: Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey,â Frankfurt, Athenaeum 1988 Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A critique on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford PA4167 .H4813 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Rengakos, Antonios. Homertext und kick the bucket Hellenistichen Dichter. Hermes. Einzelschriften, Heft 64. Stuttgart, F. Steiner, 1993. Van der Valk, Marchinus. Literary Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1949. Utilization of Disguise in Homer’s Odyssey Essay model - Homer Odyssey disg Utilization of Disguise in Homer’s Odyssey  â â The distinction between an insightful and an absurd choice is frequently found in observing when to cover and when to uncover. This attentiveness in disguising and uncovering is a significant subject inside The Odyssey. There is an appropriate chance to misdirect and a legitimate opportunity to come clean; in this manner, it is vital that one demonstration in like manner. This significance is exemplified in Odysseus' life. At the point when he is circumspect in his planning, he accomplishes his objective. One case of this is the Trojan War. While different men in the pony need to uncover themselves when they hear their spouses' voices being copied by Helen, Odysseus compels them to remain covered up inside the pony (Book IV, lines 306-311). In view of this acumen and restraint, the Trojan War is won. Be that as it may, when he is thoughtless in his planning, inconveniences follow. In the circumstance with Polyphemus, Odysseus settles on an ill-advised choice. He gives his n ame to Polyphemus as he is leaving the island of the Cyclopes. In spite of the fact that his group urges him to quit insulting Polyphemus, he doesn't listen as a result of his pride in his ability of double dealing (Book IX, lines 519-552). Because of this absurdity and pride, his arrival home is brimming with difficulties and his buddies kick the bucket. Timing of camouflage and disclosure has such noteworthy results since mask is an amazing asset that should be taken care of cautiously. From Books XIII to XXII, Odysseus utilizes it against the individuals of Ithaca to design his vengeance. In Book XIX, Homer utilizes the account of the scar and uses different artistic procedures to feature again on the intensity of mask and significance of Odysseus' keeping up his camouflage until the ideal time.  By starting the narrative of the scar in a sentence, Homer... ...e. By Homer's specialty of narrating, the crowd, similar to Odysseus, figures out how to observe from past experience when to disguise and uncover individual data.  Works Cited and Consulted Blossom, Harold , Homer's Odyssey: Edited and with an Introduction, NY, Chelsea House 1988 Crane, Gregory , Calypso: Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey,â Frankfurt, Athenaeum 1988 Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A critique on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford PA4167 .H4813 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Rengakos, Antonios. Homertext und bite the dust Hellenistichen Dichter. Hermes. Einzelschriften, Heft 64. Stuttgart, F. Steiner, 1993. Van der Valk, Marchinus. Literary Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1949.

Intranet Functionality PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intranet Functionality - PowerPoint Presentation Example In a clinic setting, the intranet is basic in encouraging correspondence, data distributing, association, joint effort, and online organization, headings to and inside the emergency clinic, computerized structures, just as electronic and intranet-empowered clinical assets (Ong et al., n.p.). In particular, these are capacities that encourage a smooth activity inside the clinic; consequently wiping out the possibility of clinical blunders. The intranet is a perfect stage to guarantee viable and productive correspondence inside the firm. Definitely, the organization can utilize the web to post significant notices or banners on different issues concerning the government assistance of the laborers or the patients. For instance, it is essential to pass email correspondence from the administration to the laborers (Ong et al., n.p.). Also, it is proper for online organization where laborers fill a movement for that record their every day obligations including the time they showed up at the workstation and the time they left. Nonetheless, for this to be powerful, the intranet ought to be restricted to such an extent that it is just available when an individual is inside the clinic. The intranet is utilized for the other laid out exercises to guarantee appropriate correspondence; data sharing and collaborations encourage cooperation and improve the human services benefits inside the firm (Ong et al., n.p.). In view of the elements of the intranet and its significance in a medical clinic setting, its upkeep and refreshing require qualified work force on IT and the board related skill. In particular, the division and people ordered with the support of the database ought to have huge experience of the working of the association or have an associate who has worked with the firm for quite a while (Ong et al., n.p.). Since the database requires infrequent refreshing to give data about the every day exercises of the association, the perfect choice is to set up an IT office that manages the support and

Health and Social Care Communication Essay

The correspondence cycle was found by Argyle in 1972. The cycle comprises of six territories, these six zones are significant during correspondence, in the event that any of these zones of the cycle are disturbed, at that point the beneficiary would not comprehend or may decipher the message wrongly. The primary stage to this cycle is to have a beginning thought or the code of the message; in this stage the brain forms on how the sentence will be told, for example, the tone of the voice and furthermore what words should be utilized with the goal that the recipient will decipher the message accurately. The contemplations will be placed into the language or into some other code, for example, gesture based communication. The second phase of how to state what you need to state to ensure the beneficiary comprehends what you are stating and deciphers it how you are meaning them to. see more:promoting compelling correspondence and connections in wellbeing and social consideration This implies what non-verbal language you are going to use as you are talking so they comprehend what you mean, likewise the tone. The tone is the way to how the beneficiary will decipher your message. The third stage to the correspondence cycle is to state it or to send the message, during this stage you will talk or sign or convey somehow or another as long as the message is sent. During this stage nature around you is the way to ensuring the beneficiary can comprehend the words that you are stating. For instance on the off chance that you are in a boisterous room, and you are attempting to speak with someone else the recipient is more than likely going to get the message you have sent, wrong in light of the fact that the beneficiary probably won't have the option to hear the entirety of the words that are said. This implies they should expect what words were said to bode well. The fourth stage is message gotten, the recipient here hears or sees the words that you have stated, and they have heard you appropriately and not missed any words out provided that they have then this is the place the correspondence turns out badly. The fifth stage is message decoded the recipient presently needs to decipher your message, for example what you have said. This isn't generally as simple as it appears as the other individual will make a few suspicions about your non-verbal communication and the words that you have utilized. The last phase of the correspondence cycle is message comprehended, the last stage is the collector needs to comprehend what your message is through all the right non-verbal language, and verbal reaction, if all goes well the cycle is done. Tuckman made a hypothesis about gathering conversations in 1965.Tuckman recommended that almost all gatherings experience a procedure including four phases when they initially meet. The stages are called shaping, raging, norming and performing. Every one of these stages cause the gathering to get more grounded and ensure that they are in the right gathering. Framing is the primary phase of the hypothesis, so when a gathering gets together, they acquaint themselves with the gathering. A great many people have their best faces on and are amenable; individuals do this in light of early introductions. Initial introductions are critical to individuals in the gathering in light of the fact that the impression an individual sets is the thing that others anticipate from that individual constantly. Raging is getting some answers concerning one another, discover progressively about one another what individuals intrigue and qualities is, this is additionally the phase where individuals conceptualize. Be that as it may, this is where a great many people drop out in light of the fact that they discover this isn't the right gathering for them. Norming is the place the trust starts, this is where colleagues bolster others and tune in to other group member’s assessment. Everybody appears to get a feeling of having a place and the gathering is presently perceived and recognized as a gathering. The last stage performing is the place bunch individuals can depend on others on helping them on the off chance that they are required, where steadfastness is high at this point. Individuals can go in sub gatherings to complete the work quicker. â€Å"Tuckman then included a fifth stage (Adjourning) during the 1970s to cover the end-game in his clarification of how bunches develop.† Adjourning was added to end the gathering when the gathering completions and isolates as in the end all gatherings will isolate, when gatherings separate they may host a get-together, or they may make arrangements to what they need to do next throughout everyday life. Tuckman said in the wake of finishing his hypothesis: â€Å"Groups at first worry about direction achieved fundamentally through testing. Such testing serves to distinguish the limits of both relational and errand practices. Correspondent with testing in the relational domain is the foundation of reliance associations with pioneers, other gathering individuals, or previous gauges. It might be said that direction, testing and reliance establish the gathering procedure of forming.† (Wolfwise, 2012) It is critical to have successful correspondence in crafted by wellbeing and social consideration in such a case that there isn’t compelling correspondence among specialist and patient then the patient will get confounded and overpowered. They will simply need to exit. It is significant that specialists or medical caretakers don't utilize language while conversing with a patient as this will influence correspondence drastically. In the event that the specialist talks in language to a patient in the cycle they will just get the chance to organize four in light of the fact that the patients won’t have the option to decipher what the specialist has quite recently said this implies this correspondence is incapable and this will have influenced the patient. Yet, on the off chance that the specialist utilized language she saw, at that point the patient would comprehend and would finish the discussion. There are bunches of various kinds of approaches to convey in a wellbeing and social consideration condition there is: coordinated, gathering, formal, casual, verbal, and composed and stacks more. These methods of imparting is extraordinary for wellbeing and social consideration all relying upon how you use them all. On the off chance that you utilize all these yet you use them inadequately, at that point this is poor correspondence however on the off chance that you use them all well, at that point this is clearly acceptable correspondence. (Creating successful correspondence in Health and Social Care. June 2011) Developing successful correspondence in Health and Social Care.

Interaction Theories Essay Example for Free

Collaboration Theories Essay A. Thoroughly analyze two of the models or hypotheses introduced in this section thinking about their value practically speaking, research, training and organization. For the reasons for this conversation, I have chosen King’s Theory of Goal Attainment and Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations. On an expansive point of view, the two hypotheses target clarifying the connection forms that occur between a medical caretaker and her patient. Imogene King’s fundamental suspicion of her hypothesis is that the medical attendant and the customer convey data, set objectives commonly, and act to accomplish those objectives. The equivalent can really be said with Peplau’s hypothesis wherein she expresses that nursing is a relational procedure since it includes collaboration between at least two people with a shared objective, the fulfillment of which is accomplished using a progression of steps, and that the medical attendant and patient work together so both become full grown and learned all the while. A great deal of likenesses can be seen from the two fills in as they attempt to clarify the nursing procedure in a medical caretaker persistent cooperation level. see fig. 1) The ideas of individual, wellbeing, condition and nursing are repeating subjects on the two speculations as they endeavor to coordinate it with every one of their own association models. The deviation between the two hypotheses happen where the focal point of their examination lie in the present nursing practice. Ruler concentrated on the significant idea of collaborating frameworks: Personal, relational and social frameworks, and how the exactness of figuring out which framework is most relevant would prompt possible exchange. In view of the seriousness of her condition, the crisis room attendants going to for this specific patient promptly started taking activities to balance out her condition, for example, making sure about an IV line, drawing blood for labs, applying oxygen and doing an ECG all simultaneously. When asked by an attendant to take her arranged portion of headache medicine the patient dreadfully verbalized, â€Å"What would you say you are doing to me? † Soon after, when the patient’s condition didn't altogether improve yet deteriorated, the doctor prompted the spouse that patient be brought to the cardiovascular catheterization lab for an angiogram. The customer was resolute that she would not like to take extraordinary measures, yet the spouse demonstrated that he needed whatever was important to improve his wife’s condition. This is an amazing case of a customer losing the feeling of self-hood. As to the idea of self, King (1981) expressed â€Å"If medical attendants and different experts connect with patients or customers as people, and let the people act naturally, medical caretakers and patients would enable each other to develop in mindfulness and in comprehension of human conduct, particularly in upsetting beneficial encounters. † In a domain that expects one to be receptive and responsive, customers frequently see nurture as being excessively occupied or excessively rushed. Lord (1981) urged medical attendants to know about how they present themselves to their customers in light of the fact that the way wherein medical caretakers go into a client’s room establishes the pace for the whole experience. Poor relational abilities lead to poor exchanges and cooperations between the medical caretaker and the customer. Poor relational abilities likewise influence objective defining and objective fulfillment (Williams, 2001). It is exclusively a direct result of this recognition that legitimate â€Å"scripting† with the patients has been continually repeated to all nursing work force and including even the care staff. As a glaring difference with the model introduced above, here is where King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was utilized in the crisis room setting. Quiet ST, a 32-year old male injury understanding who went to the crisis room because of a horrendous removal of an arm optional to an engine vehicle mishap. The evaluation period of the nursing procedure can take in the ideas related with the individual framework. When the patient has been hemodynamically settled, the nurse’s consideration is currently centered around helping the patient adapt to the sentiments of misfortune, division and outrage that he is encountering. The patient’s sentiments of recognition, self-perception, development and advancement, reality must be considered subsequent to doing the essential study of aviation route, breathing and course. Truth be told, this is even indicated in my institution’s â€Å"Emergency Room Nursing Database† in its endeavors to satisfy the JCI prerequisites in documentation. Endeavoring to reestablish the patient’s confidence in the light of the horrible misfortune is a commonly settled objective between the attendant and the customer. It is likewise significant for the medical caretaker to understand that the patient’s perceptual field is limited as a result of the agony and feeling that he is at present encountering. King’s hypothesis features the significance of the support of the people in dynamic and manages the decisions, choices, and results of nursing care. The hypothesis offers knowledge into the nurses’ collaborations with the people and gatherings inside nature (Williams, 2001). Component of the hypothesis of Imogene King is typically applied explicitly in relational and social frameworks. As a rule, the method of association being utilized in the crisis office is a dyad (2 individuals cooperating), where the view of a patient is changed on account of a correspondence that happens furnishing training to a patient with information shortage. Such a model happens in guaranteeing a patient and its huge others’ consistence; if the patient doesn't comprehend the significance of a specific intercession or drug, participation and adherence will be extremely hard to accomplish. However, when the attendant teaches them with appropriate attendant patient association and restorative correspondence, consistence and adherence to clinical routine can be accomplished. King’s Goal Attainment Theory (Client-Centered Theory) is without a doubt what we are rehearsing in the day by day schedule of the emergency clinic and in some other clinical setting. Giving the patient the appropriate data of what will occur or what's going on will reduce the patient’s nervousness that adds to tachycardia, anxiety and give them a feeling of control of the circumstance.

Delias Marriage in Hurstons Sweat Essays -- Zora Neale Hurston

In Zora Neale Hurston’s short story, Sweat, Delia ends up stuck in a horrendous marriage. Her better half, Sykes, abuses her, leaves all work to her, and is unfaithful. In the wake of being hitched to Sykes for a long time, Delia has lost all expectation in the marriage. The endless beatings and difficult demonstrations of Sykes have brought her over the edge. She is compelled to conflict with her exacting strict convictions as a result of the life in which she has been driving since her marriage to her better half. One section that summarizes numerous groups of Delia and Sykes’s relationship is as per the following: â€Å"She lay wakeful, looking at the trash that jumbled their wedding trail. Not a picture left remaining en route. Anything like blossoms had some time in the past been suffocated in the salty stream that had been squeezed from her heart. Her tears, her perspiration, her blood. She had carried love to the association and he had brought an aching after the tissue. Two months after the wedding, he had given her the primary ruthless beating. She had the memory of his various excursions to Orlando with the entirety of his wages when he had come back to her poor, even before the main year had passed. She was youthful and delicate at that point, yet now she thought of her knotty, muscles appendages, her brutal knuckly hands, and drew herself up into a despondent little ball in the enormous plume bed. Past the point of no return currently to seek after adoration, regardless of whether it were not Bertha it would be another person. This case varied from the others just in that she was bol der than the others. Past the point of no return for everything with the exception of her little home. She had manufactured it for her days of yore, and planted individually the trees and blossoms there. It was beautiful to her, lovely.† (Hurston 680).      This scene happens when Delia is lying on her bed, considering what had quite recently occurred. Sykes had returned home, and not surprisingly, a battle ejected between the two previous sweethearts. The distinction about this showdown however, was that Sykes didn't strike Delia, as what typically occurs. Delia got a metal skillet and took steps to safeguard herself from her significant other as he cowed in dread of being hit. This new methodology from Delia, including another terrorizing, shows how her pointless perspiration and difficult work had been able to be excessively. The demonstration of holding onto a skillet from the oven to ensure herself represents how basically, Delia is attempting to protect her home. The skillet is a piece of the house, and as she st... ...h will happen that night. The conditions of any person’s life will inevitably choose the result. Negative conditions can be endurable enough that there won't be an intensive change in one’s life, yet more awful circumstances can have various impacts. Some of the time an individual is compelled to roll out an improvement in the manner they carry on with their life so as to make it middle of the road. In Sweat, by Zora Neale Hurston, Delia’s mentality toward her terrible marriage changes in view of her absence of continuance for her life. The fire behind her eyes could never again be confined by Sykes’ abuses and unfaithfulness. Delia’s water had bubbled over and what come about was a fire of another sort. She went up against all that Sykes was with a recently discovered aloofness, and would stand firm against his bad behaviors. The inquiry where the finish of the story asks needs to manage Delia’s dedication to God and her religion. Is it OK to allow him to kick the bu cket? One may respond to the inquiry in any case, yet basically, the reaction will be found entirely subjective. Works Cited Hurston, Zora Neale. Sweat. The Story and Its Writer An Introduction to Short Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 678-687.

World University Rankings Revealed

World University Rankings Revealed The OE Blog That most highly respected and anticipated measure of academic institutions, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, was published this week, creating considerable commotion in higher education circles. The reason for the rumpus was the toppling of academic giant Harvard University from the top of the rankings, a place it has smugly occupied without challenge for the past eight years. Even more exciting was the upstart nature of its challenger â€" in true David and Goliath fashion it was the small, modern California Institute of Technology (or ‘Caltech’) that darted in to leave Harvard licking its wounds in joint second place. Affectionately dubbed an “upstart” by Phil Baty, editor of the rankings, Caltech’s excellent teaching standards, investment in research and specific subject focus are credited with its meteoric rise. Meanwhile the rankings hold important information for the UK higher education sector, poised as it is on the brink of dramatic organisational and financial reform. The UK performs extremely admirably in the table; firmly holding on to its title as second most represented country with 23 universities in the top 200. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge rank 4th and 6th in the world respectively, while Imperial College, London comes in 8th. Universities Minister David Willetts was quick to point out the implication that the statistics place the UK ahead of America once country size is taken into account, but critics responded by warning of the heavy threat his university reforms hold for the stability and success of UK higher education. The UK Higher Education Policy Institute lamented the “considerable cost” that the new system could have on this success by causing “disruption and uncertainty” for UK universities. Meanwhile there were some nasty surprises for highly respected UK institutions, with several conspicuous by their absence from the top 100. The University of Warwick, considered one of the best UK universities and ranked 6th in the country by the Guardian University League Table, limps in at a disappointing 157th place in the world rankings. Further poor performances come from the University of Liverpool (in 181st place) and Cardiff (lower than the top 200), whilst the universities of Hertfordshire, Hull, Plymouth and Surrey failed even to make it into the top 300. Perhaps most shocking of all was the performance of Loughborough University, which plummeted to the very depths of the table, placed between 350th and 400th in the world. As usual we have compiled our own unique league table to allow the comparison at a glance of the top 20 UK universities alone. The low placement of the University of Leeds, in 20th place, has raised some eyebrows, whilst the London School of Economics has pulled off a spectacular ascent, rising an incredible 39 places in the world rankings from last year’s position. Overall the table reveals a thriving academic sphere of which the UK should be rightly proud. But we must heed the warnings of those who fear next year’s reforms may bring our university success toppling down around our ears.

Therapeutic Hypothermia Post Cardiac Arrest Essay - 275 Words

Therapeutic Hypothermia Post Cardiac Arrest (Essay Sample) Content: Students NameProfessorCourse DateTherapeutic Hypothermia Post Cardiac ArrestIntroduction Therapeutic hypothermia so far has been used successfully during cardiac arrest surgery. Its main use is to protect against global cerebral ischemia. It is referred as protective hypothermia. It is administered to a patient in order to lower his or her body temperature. The temperature is reduced in order to help in reducing tissue destruction or injury in the case of poor blood flow or lack of blood flow. Cardiac arrest is one of the major causes of lack of blood flow. Poor blood flow is also induced by blockage of an artery by an embolism. It happens in cases such as when a person has stroke. In resent research, therapeutic hypothermia has proved to improve survival and brain function in the case following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Even so, disputed claims were put up against its use indicating that a temperature of 36 centigrades would result in the same mortality and the same brain function outcome at a temperature of 33 centigrades.Medical usageHypothermic therapies are used in a broad array of treatment. They are effectively effected in five categories namely cardiac arrest, and ischemic among the rest. The current American laws support the use of hypothermic therapies following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. The recommendations to its use were based on two recommendations. The first recommendation was after the 2002 trial that automatically showed improvement in survival and brain function when cooling between 32C (90F) to 34C (93F)for cardiac arrest patients (Edgren et al. 59). After that two new studies were out forward with criticism on whether the method was appropriate use after cardiac arrest. However, the trials that took place in November 2013 showed no difference between earlier cooling and after cooling. One of its greatest disadvantages is that it increases the possibilities of a patient contracting pneumonia and sepsis howev er it does not lead to an overall risk of infection (Oka et al. 52). The earlier rationale focused on effects of hypothermia as a neuroprotectant in its function to slow cellular metabolism as a result of dropping body temperatures. It is measured that a drop in every one degree Celsius drop in body temperature, cellular metabolism drops by 5.7 %. Most research suggests that hypothermia reduces the negative effects of ischemia. It decreases the body need for oxygen hence reducing the negative effects. The medical methods involved are invasive and non-invasive. When a patient is facing possibilities of ischemic injury therapeutic hypothermia should be initiated (Edgren et al. 59). During the invasive method, cooling catheters are inserted into the femoral vain. After insertion, a cool saline solution is circulated either through a metal coated tube or a balloon in the catheter. The saline solution will act as a coolant that will cool the body temperatures of the affected. It lowers the temperature to the required standards. 1.5C (2.7F) - 2C (3.6F) per hour is the ranges within which the catheters reduce the temperature in the method. They have very distinct levels of accuracy such that there are no mistakes or unpredicted results when the method works correctly. Even so there are a number of adverse events associated with this method. These events include bleeding, infections, vascular puncture and deep vein thrombosis. The infections caused by the cooling catheter are known to be very harmful. The harm is associated with the critical conditions of a patient and the vulnerability windows. Bleeding is as a response to the decreased clotting threshold (Oka et al. 60). Non invasive is where modern technologies are involved in the cooling process. The technologies are designed and named such as water blankets, torso vest or leg wraps. Cold water is made to circulate through a blanket or torso wraparound vest and leg wraps. 70 % of the patients surface is covered w ith the water blanket in order to lower the temperatures. Water blankets act as coolants hence they lower the temperature of the patient by controlling the body temperatures. Even so there are several drawbacks observed in the technique (Edgren et al. 59). The first drawback is that the blanket is susceptible to leaking. The idea presents a great electrical hazard due to the close proximity with electricity. The blankets are also said to create burns on the skin of the patient. Other problems associated with the blanket include shooting of temperatures and slower induction time as compared to internal cooling (Oka et al. 61). Positive effects and negative effects Cardiac arrest is sudden circulatory standstill and is a common means through which patients meet their deaths. Survivors of cardiac arrest have a high significant neurological injury. It is estimated that about 10 to 20 % are discharged with no defects at all. Among the advantages is that hypothermia slows most metabolic processes and inhibit deleterious biochemical cerebrovascular processes. The processes are witnessed in experimental models after ischemic cerebral insults and reperfusion. Inducing mild hypothermia leads to the decrease in the amount of free radicals produced. Consequently, it leads to the slowing of the destructive processes caused by cardiac arrest. The reduction in free radical generation facilitates antioxidant defense mechanisms of the brain to carry out their functions without being inundated (Oka et al. 66). Another advantage observed by the use of therapeutic hypothermia is the suppression of inflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory responses are witnessed in hypoxic brain injury. They are caused by the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hypothermia also reduces inflammation. It is reduced since hypothermia suppresses free radical production. If the radical production is left free, it leads to further inflammation through lipid peroxidation and leukotrienes producti on (Edgren et al. 59). Another advantage as witnessed is that hypothermia therapy reduces ion homeostasis. It also slows the accumulation of glutamate or even blocks it. Per se, it leads to reduction in neuro-excitability and sometimes death (Trayston et al. 95). Observations indicate that hypothermia influences most mechanisms causing neurological injury during the period of hypoxia and reperfusion. Per se, it strongly suggests that therapeutically hypothermia is an attractive treatment for post cardiac treatment. The first cases to be documented under the use of therapeutic hypothermia were done in 1958. The constituents were four patients who had good neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. The four patients were given heart massages and their temperatures were cooled to 30-34 degrees Celsius (Oka et al. 66). Other cases were reported in the year 1998. The patients, after the return of spontaneous circulation following out of hospital cardiac arrest, were cooled and maintaine d at 32-22 degrees Celsius. They were re-warmed slowly and afterwards they showed positive neurological recovery despite the prolonged periods of cardiac arrest (Edgren et al. 59). The side effects of therapeutic hypothermia are potent...